Basic Information

- Type: Stela of Athenian City-State Honorary Decree

- Date: 343–342 BC (Late Classical Period, 4th Century)

- Material: Pentelic marble

- Purpose: The Athenian Assembly issued a decree, conferring the honor of "Proxenos" (foreign agent) and the status of a benefactor of the city upon Proxenides from Knidos.

Interpretation of the Relief Panels (Top of the Stele)

There are three figures in the relief, with a clear narrative:

1. On the left: Aphrodite (the patron goddess of Knidos): Raises her hand to place an honor laurel crown on Proxenides.

2. In the middle: Proxenides, a foreigner from Knidos. He extends his hand to hold Athena's hand, symbolizing his acceptance of the honor bestowed by Athens.

3. On the right: Athena (the patron goddess of the city-state): Represents the city-state of Athens, accepting this foreign agent.

Meaning: Through the introduction of the local goddess of Knidos, Proxenides was recognized by the Athenian goddess and the city-state, and officially became an agent of Athens. A foreign agent (proxenos) was a part of the ancient Greek diplomatic system. Foreigners were responsible for safeguarding the interests of Athens in their own countries, while Athens granted them privileges, tax exemption, and protection.